HOW TO REFORMAT A PERSONAL COMPUTER?

                          Steps to reformat a personal computer 

1.    Start your pc and press key F2, F12 or delete key (Depends on your PC model). 

2.     Your PC will boot from CD and windows installation will start. Press Enter at this screen.

3.     Accept License agreement by pressing F8 key.

4.    Delete the partitions.

5.     Create the partitions.

6.    Define the size of partitions. 

7.     Now select your desired partition for installation of Windows XP and press enter.

8.     Choose to format the partition. Choose NTFS file system quick. 

9.     Setup will format the partition.

10. After formatting, setup will start copying files on to the hard disk.

11.    After copying of files, setup will start installing Windows. 

12.    Select desired language and regional settings, when prompted by setup. 

13.     Enter windows key. 

14.       Type a name for your computer. 

15.  Select time and date settings and time zone according to your country. 

16. Provide network settings for networking pc's or select typical settings and press enter. 

17.    Setup will install devices and register components. 

18.     After completion setup will do a cleanup of files and will restart your pc automatically. At this stage you can remove CD from drive.

What is disk partitioning? 

Disk partitioning is the creation of one or more regions on a  hard disk or other secondary storage, so that an operating system  can manage information in each region separately.

Partitioning is typically the first step of preparing a newly manufactured disk, before any files or directories have been created. 

Remember:

                             1 KB          = thousand bytes

                             1 MB          = million bytes

                             1 GB          = billion bytes

                             1 TB           = trillion bytes

Remember:

                             1 KB           = 1024 bytes

                             1 MB          = 1024 KB

                             1 GB          = 1024 MB

                             1 TB           = 1024 GB

 

HOW TO SHARE FILE AND PRINTER IN A COMPUTER NETWORK?

First you need to do the PRELIMINARY STEPS

1^st : Create an IP Address

2^nd: Configure the IP Address

3^rd : Set windows firewall settings

            *Turn off Firewall*

4^th : Set up a home or small office network

            *Network Setup Wizard*

          

 SHARING A FILE

 To share  a file  that is connected directly to your computer with others on a network, follow these steps:

1^st: Place the file inside the folder.

2^nd : Right click the folder.

3^rd : Click Properties

4^th : Click Sharing

5^th : Click Share this folder on the network

6^th : Click Apply

7^th : Click OK

To access the shared file/ folder from another computer on a network, follow these steps.

1^st : Click Start Button

2^nd: Click Run

3^rd: Then type \\[IP Address of server]

SHARING A PRINTER

To share a printer that is connected directly to your computer with others on a network, follow these steps

1^st: Click Control Panel

2^nd :Click  Add Printer

3^rd : Right Click Printer

4^th : Click Sharing

5^th: Click Share this Printer

6^th: Click Apply

7^th: Click OK 

To access the shared printer from another computer on a network, follow these steps

1^st: Click Run

2^nd: Then type \\[IP Address of server]

3^rd: Double click Printers and Faxes

4^th: Right Click Printer

5^th: Click Connect

WHAT IS A NETWORK IP ADDRESS?

Internet Protocol address (IP address)

Is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. An IP address serves two principal functions: host or network interface identification and location addressing. It is also known as Network Address. Is a set of numbers, called as "octets" or "dotted decimal" notation, that identifies any network device. Its development began in 1974, led by computer scientists Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf. It is frequently used in conjunction with the Transmission Control Protocol, or TCP. Together they are referred to as TCP/IP.

      

IP VERSIONS

IPv4 (IP version 4)

Is the standard version defines an IP address as a 32-bit number. IPv4 addresses are canonically represented in dotted decimal notation, which consists of four decimal numbers, each ranging from 0 to 255, separated by dots.

IPv6 (IP version 6)

Is the advanced version  using 128 bits for the IP address.An IPv6 address is represented as eight groups offour hexadecimal digits, each group representing 16 bits (two octets, a group sometimes also called a hextet). The groups are separated by colons (:).

IP ADDRESS CLASSES

With an IPv4 IP address, there are five classes of available IP ranges: Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D and Class E, while only A, B, and C are commonly used. Each class allows for a range of valid IP addresses, shown in the following table.

Class A	1 to 126
Class B	128 to 191
Class C	192 to 223
Class D	224 to 239
Class E	240 to 255

127 – loopback function of a network

Class D – is for multicast

Class E – reserved for future or experimental purposes

CREATING IP ADDRESS

1.       Right click MY NETWORK PROPERTIES

2.       Click PROPERTIES

3.       Right click LOCAL AREA CONNECTION

4.       Click PROPERTIES

5.       Click TCP/IP

6.       Click PROPERTIES

·         Obtain an IP address automatically

·         Use the following IP address

IP ADDRESS

SUBNET MASK

7.       Click OK

 IP CONFIGURATION

1.     Click START BUTTON

2.    Click RUN

3.    Type cmd

4.    Type ipconfig

5.    Type ping [IP ADDRESS]

SOURCES:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address 

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/ip.htm